. Don’t take my word for it. The Housing Affordability Index (HAI) developed by the National Association of Realtors (NAR) and published on the HUD website backs me up (Exhibit 1). This index, perhaps the most-widely-cited measure of housing affordability—reports the ratio of median family income required to qualify for a conventional mortgage on the median- priced home. 1 A value of 100 indicates the median family income is just enough to qualify for the mortgage.

1. I'm Checking Out Principle And Also Flinto For Mac Pro
2. I'm Checking Out Principle And Also Flinto For Mac Os

2018-2-15  Note: I encourage you to try out my own video course on Framer — you can watch some lessons for free. Also, the Framer book by Tes Mat is an excellent resource for learning and understanding Framer and CoffeeScript.

Higher values mean the median-income family has more than enough to qualify. The HAI has been rising steadily for over 35 years with just a brief interruption during the housing crisis of the mid-2000s. The index reached a record high in 2012 when the median family income was about twice as high as the income needed to qualify to buy the median-priced home.

Since then the HAI has subsided a bit but is still near the record high. However, it looks like no one has told the market how affordable housing is. Consider these recent headlines. A Housing Affordability Crisis That’s Worse for the Lowest Income Americans (PBS, 2017) 2. Rising Home Prices, Rents Spur Housing Affordability Concerns (eCredit Daily, 2017) 3.

An affordable-housing shortage in the US is about to get worse (Business Insider, 2017) 4. Harvard Report Raises Housing Supply, Affordability Issues (Mortgage Daily News, 2017) 5 So why doesn't it feel like housing is affordable?

It turns out there isn't just one reason for the feeling that housing is out of reach—there are multiple reasons. We'll examine some of the leading candidates to see whether housing is unaffordable or if it just feels that way.

But first, let's clarify what the HAI is telling us and what it's leaving out. What the Housing Affordability Index measures—and what it misses The Housing Affordability Index (HAI) combines information on house prices, family incomes, and mortgage rates—all important drivers of affordability. But no single index can tell the whole story. For instance, potential homebuyers may have sufficient income to qualify for a mortgage on the median-priced house, but they may have significant other debts that push their debt-to-income ratio (DTI) above the qualifying limit. Or their credit score may be too low. Orand the list goes on. Of all the ingredients in the HAI formula, the mortgage rate may be the most important.

It's no accident that the HAI bottomed out in 1981 when the rate on a 30-year fixed rate mortgage peaked at close to 19 percent. Similarly, the HAI peaked in 2012 when the mortgage rate was approaching its all-time low. Exhibit 2 displays the close correlation between the mortgage rate and the HAI. The unprecedented volatility of house prices in the 2000s has weakened that correlation slightly in recent years, but the relationship is still clear (Exhibit 3). Now let's consider some of the other factors and perceptions that aren't always reflected in the HAI. Why housing feels unaffordable Houses are just too expensive Nationally, house prices now stand higher than their previous peak at the end of the housing boom (Exhibit 4).

House prices have risen an average of just over six percent per year since the house price trough in 2012, and they show no sign of slowing down. Incomes, however, have not kept up. Per capita income increased only 2.4 percent on average per year.

Especially where I live House prices—and incomes—vary widely across the United States. Exhibit 5 displays the median house price and the ratio of the median house price to the median household income in the five highest-priced and five lowest-priced states. In 2015, the median price nationally stood at $223,579, four times the median household income in the U.S. The median price in Hawaii is $633,446, 8.6 times the median household income in Hawaii. In contrast, the median price house price in Ohio is $126,370, 2.5 times the median household income in Ohio.

The contrast between affordable and unaffordable areas is even more pronounced at the local level. Exhibit 6 displays a map of the five counties in the San Francisco metro area. We used the NAR formula to calculate a housing affordability index for each ZIP code in the metro area. 6 In Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo counties, the median-income household cannot qualify for a mortgage to buy the median-priced home in any ZIP code in those three counties. And in Alameda and Contra Costa counties, houses are affordable in just 37 of the 85 ZIP codes. On the other hand, house prices in the Kansas City metro area are very affordable (Exhibit 7). The median-income family in Kansas City can afford the median-priced house in all but three ZIP codes.

In fact, the average family headed by a service worker, with an income just under 60 percent of the median-income family, would qualify to buy the median-priced home in two-thirds of the ZIP codes in the Kansas City metro. Even if I could afford to buy, there aren’t any houses available The supply of houses for sale is very tight. Residential construction ground to a halt during the housing crisis of the mid-2000s and has yet to recover fully. Housing starts bottomed out at 550,000 in 2009, well below the historical average of about 1.5 million starts per year.

And less than 1.3 million starts are projected this year. In fact, it would take several years of above-average starts to accommodate all the household formations that were deferred during the crisis. However, the continuing difficulty home builders confront in attracting skilled labor—currently there are over 150,000 job openings in residential construction—is likely to keep the rate of housing starts below average for some time (Exhibit 8). The limited supply of available homes increases the perception that homes are unaffordable. New listings are snatched up quickly, often by cash buyers. Bidding wars are commonplace.

To make matters worse, the challenge of finding a new home discourages some existing homeowners from listing their current residences. This imbalance between the demand for and supply of homes boosts house prices further and can transform the perception of unaffordability into actual unaffordability.

You may think I can qualify for a mortgage, but I'm not so sure The HAI measures whether the median family income is sufficient to qualify for a mortgage on the median-priced home. However, there are other requirements the borrower must meet to obtain a mortgage. And, in the aftermath of the Great Recession, lenders tightened many of these requirements, making it difficult for some potential homebuyers to qualify for a mortgage. Hurdles faced by borrowers include— DOCUMENTATION OF STABLE INCOME The collapse of house prices in the late-2000s and the subsequent defaults highlighted the importance of a borrowers' ability and willingness to repay their loan. Potential borrowers today must document an income that is both adequate and stable. This requirement can pose a problem for small business owners, self-employed professionals, and workers in the gig economy.

These borrowers may have trouble documenting their incomes. In addition, their incomes may vary from year to year making it difficult to determine their stable income, the level of income that can be relied on in assessing ability to pay. FOCUS ON CREDIT SCORES Borrowers with low credit scores find it harder to qualify for a mortgage today than they did before the housing crisis.

Exhibit 9 (following page) displays the average FICO scores of mortgage borrowers from 2001 to 2016. Scores increased in each credit tier, but they increased the most for lower-FICO borrowers. The score of a high-FICO borrower (the 90th percentile of FICOs) increased 20 points over this 16-year period. In contrast, the score of a lower-FICO borrower (10th percentile) increased 70 points. And fewer lower-FICO borrowers qualified for loans.

According to CoreLogic, the number of successful applicants in both the 620-659 FICO range and the below-620 range fell by over seven percent in this period. And the Urban Institute 7 estimates that post-crisis changes in lender credit standards reduced the number of mortgage loans originated by 6.3 million between 2009 and 2015.

Not everyone shows up on the FICO radar. Many families have no credit cards.

There also are an estimated nine million “unbanked” households—people with no checking or savings accounts. 8 Many have no loans. According to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), around 26 million people are “credit invisible”, that is, they do not have a credit history with any of the credit reporting agencies. An additional 19 million are unable to be scored—they do not have a sufficient or recent enough credit history to be given a credit score.

These so-called credit invisibles—along with many others who have very thin credit files—find it difficult to obtain a mortgage, because lenders have trouble assessing their credit worthiness. Some credit-scoring companies have started using alternative data to assess the creditworthiness of the credit invisibles. Alternative data can include rental records, cellphone and cable payments, checking account histories and public property records that indicate how often people change homes.

FHFA, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac continue to engage with a broad range of stakeholders about the relevant factors that would be involved in migrating to a newer credit score model(s), including the costs, operational implications, and potential impacts on access to credit. Our goal is to help determine the best path forward for the industry, taxpayers, and consumers.

DEBT Underwriting standards place limits on the ratio of a borrower’s debt to his or her income. A high debt-to-income (DTI) ratio increases the probability a borrower may be unable to meet all their obligations at some point in the future. A high DTI ratio is the most common reason for rejecting a mortgage application. 9 There are separate limits for the ratio of the mortgage balance to the borrower’s income (the so-called front ratio) and the ratio of the borrower’s total debt—mortgage, auto, student loan, credit cards, etc.—to income (the back ratio). High house prices can increase the front ratio above allowed limits, even though low mortgage rates may keep monthly payments low. High levels of student debt boost the back ratio and appear to be inhibiting some Millennials from buying their first home.

10 (See for more on this topic.) DOWN PAYMENTS Many people mistakenly believe they must have a 20 percent down payment to obtain a mortgage. While it is true that current guidelines for down payments are more conservative than what sometimes passed muster at the height of the housing boom, more than half of borrowers today make down payments that are smaller than 20 percent. 11 For all these reasons, it is undeniable that it can be more difficult to get a mortgage today than it was, say, fifteen years ago. The individuals most affected are those with a low credit score and a high DTI and LTV ratio.

Research by Li and Goodman (2014) 12 indicates the denial rate for such applicants jumped from 29 percent in the period just before the crisis to 41 percent in the 2010 to 2013 period. And without a mortgage, houses are unaffordable for many people. I can buy the house, but can I afford to maintain it? Many first-time homebuyers are surprised by the on-going costs of ownership. Property taxes and homeowner’s insurance represent significant costs (Exhibit 10). Property taxes range from a low of 0.3 percent in Hawaii to a high of 2.1 percent in New Jersey.

Maintenance costs average around one percent of the house price per year. Borrowers sometime regard these as part of the cost of the mortgage, since, for many borrowers, payments for taxes and insurance are collected as part of the monthly mortgage payment. However, the cost of taxes and insurance can increase over time even if the borrower has a fixed-rate mortgage. First-time homebuyers—who previously relied on landlords to pay for utilities, make repairs, maintain landscaping, and handle all the other aspects of upkeep—may be unprepared for the responsibilities of homeownership. Water heaters cost more than expected, furnaces flame out just as the holiday bills arrive, and who can you call to check out those strange noises in the wall?

In addition, many first-time buyers purchase “fixer-uppers” to find a home in their price range, and these homes typically have higher maintenance costs. So, is housing affordable or not? Yes Thanks to very low mortgage rates, monthly mortgage payments are affordable for the average household despite currently-high house prices. The NAR’s Housing Affordability Index (HAI) correctly captures this aspect of affordability. And borrowers who choose a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage can continue to enjoy low monthly payments even if mortgage rates rise in the future. Moreover, many potential first-time buyers can reasonably expect their incomes to increase as their careers progress, thus reducing the costs of homeownership as a share of their incomes.

In addition, homeownership has proven to be an effective way for ordinary Americans to build wealth. It's been estimated that homeownership increases net wealth by $9,000-to-$10,000 per year. 13 And homeownership contributes to strong and stable communities. In recognition of these benefits, public policy provides support for homeownership.

For example, the deductibility of mortgage interest and rules exempting a large portion of capital gains on sale increase the economic benefits of homeownership.but. Hurdles to homeownership arise from the difficulty of finding a house to buy and of meeting all the requirements to obtain a mortgage. The supply of homes for sale is very tight, especially starter homes.

And underwriting requirements are more rigorous than they were in the past. Many potential first-time borrowers are stymied by variable employment and income histories and the challenge of accumulating a down payment while simultaneously paying down their student loans.

In fact, a high level of household debt, particularly student debt, poses perhaps the largest obstacle to first-time homebuyers.and here's how we help. Freddie Mac is committed to making housing affordable. In fact, it's part of our mission as spelled out in our charter. Here are some of the ways we help. BORROWER RESOURCES Buying a home can be confusing. And financing a home purchase is even more complicated. Freddie Mac provides information to potential homebuyers to help them through the home buying process.

For instance,. provides information on many aspects of housing and housing finance. Tutorials, videos, quizzes, worksheets, infographics, calculators and much more for potential homebuyers, current homeowners and renters. online financial training helps consumers build and maintain better credit, make sound financial decisions, and understand the steps to sustainable homeownership. CreditSmart is available in English and Spanish and has reached over four million consumers nationwide and trained more than 43,000 instructors.

Sometimes borrowers need face-to-face assistance. We've got that covered too. —Freddie Mac works with trusted national nonprofit intermediaries to prepare prospective buyers for responsible homeownership and to help struggling borrowers with Freddie Mac-owned mortgages avoid foreclosure.

Currently there are 14 Borrower Help Centers in nine states and the District of Columbia. Prospective buyers who don’t live near a Borrower Help Center can get assistance by telephone. BEHIND-THE-SCENES ASSISTANCE Freddie Mac works with lenders and other real estate professionals to make homeownership possible. Borrowers may not realize Freddie's roles in this area, but these initiatives provide tangible help for prospective homeowners. —Freddie Mac's Home Possible Advantage® allows lenders to offer low down payment mortgages for qualified first-time homebuyers. Down payments as low as three percent of the house price are allowed, and the down payment can be a gift from a family member or a grant from a government body or housing finance agency. 1 The house price in the HAI is the median price of a single-family home in recent transactions.

I'm Checking Out Principle And Also Flinto For Mac Pro

The HAI assumes the borrower makes a 20 percent down payment and the monthly principal and interest payments on the mortgage are no more than 25 percent of the median gross family income. 2 3 4 5 6 For details on the calculation, see 7 8 2015 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households accessed at. 9 10 Parents who co-signed student loans for their Millennials may also find themselves with high DTI ratios. 11 CoreLogic, conforming purchase mortgages.

12 Li, Wei and Laurie Goodman. (2014) “A Better Measure of Mortgage Application Denial Rates.” Urban Institute. 13 Herbert, Christopher E. (2013), “Is Homeownership Still an Effective Means of Building Wealth for Low-income and Minority Households?

(Was it Ever?)” Harvard University, Joint Center for Housing Studies. PREPARED BY THE ECONOMIC & HOUSING RESEARCH GROUP Sean Becketti, Chief Economist Ajita Atreya, Quantitative Analyst Sr. Penka Trentcheva, Quantitative Analyst Sr. Venkataramana Yanamandra, Quantitative Analyst Sr. Opinions, estimates, forecasts and other views contained in this document are those of Freddie Mac's Economic & Housing Research group, do not necessarily represent the views of Freddie Mac or its management, should not be construed as indicating Freddie Mac's business prospects or expected results, and are subject to change without notice.

Although the Economic & Housing Research group attempts to provide reliable, useful information, it does not guarantee that the information is accurate, current or suitable for any particular purpose. The information is therefore provided on an “as is” basis, with no warranties of any kind whatsoever. Information from this document may be used with proper attribution. Alteration of this document is strictly prohibited. ©2018 by Freddie Mac.

I have a fairly complex (400+layers) graphic I need to animate. I've looked at After Effects, but while it is a stunningly capable app, it's very much overkill for my needs, and the learning curve is probably a month (along with the headaches). I also looked at Principle and Flinto. Here you need Sketch as a bridge. Principle and Flinto are basically for animating transitions within mobile apps, or web applications.

They work by artboards, where one artboard represents a frame. The problem is that they rasterise your content.

I hate seeing pixels now that I'm used to vector level definition! There is also good old Flash Professional to consider. Finally, I could simply animate a.svg with javascript. But I was kind of looking for a GUI app to make essentially doing the same thing easier. My question: I'm looking for the easiest, most intuitive way to animate a layered vector graphic while retaining these elements as vector shapes, not rasters. Does anyone have experience?

Please share your thoughts. The only existent 'vector video format' (even though I'm not sure it could be defined this way) is SWF so, Flash animations. I fear that you have to convert anything to pixels at the end of the process.:) Do you need to animate single spline nodes? If not Apple Motion is very capable too, not as powerful as AE but definitely a choice and easier for sure.

Anime Studio another option, pretty easy, but too cartoon-oriented maybe? Anyway my suggestion is.

Go and hire a motion designer!;) If you're not intended to grow as a motion designer too, and this is a spot-job I think it is the best choice to seek help from someone more skilled. These my two cents. Anyway my suggestion is. Go and hire a motion designer!;) If you're not intended to grow as a motion designer too, and this is a spot-job I think it is the best choice to seek help from someone more skilled. But this is for my first Dribbble shot - the initial 'hello'.

So it would cheating in a way to not do it all myself. I've done basic.svg animations before, for the web.

I was looking for a bit more control, especially given the number of layers. But I also need a manageable learning curve, because I was just drafted and I really should get on with it and say 'hello'. I do not believe Motion has ever supported a layered PDF file. You can import a layered Photoshop file, it can be a little tricky, you have to get a pop-up window with options to import the layers. Here is a link to an Apple Support article, The short answer is drag your file from the directory listing into the layers section. Do not release the file, but hold it until a pop-up window shows your options.

The article will also show you which attributes Motion will not support. I do not believe Motion has ever supported SVG format.

In the same league as ToonBoom, and recently got open-sourced. It supports vector animation (favours it, actually), and even sports excellent bitmap to vector conversion. It's free, and I love it for 2d animation. Mind, OT's workflow may require some acclimatization.

Worth it, though. OpenTOonz is a serious production-level animation package - used by Studio Ghibli and the makers of Futurama. Also works well with Anime Studio, Krita, and ClipStudio. OT supports SVG import - although it depends on the complexity of the artwork how well this will work. I find importing high-res easter versions, and converting those to vectors in OT may work better in those cases. Forum: Tips worksheet: Manual: Many video tutorials have become available: vimeo.com/brundlethwaite/videos. Just a quick update: OpenTOonz I'm sure is a great and serious tool.

But as a novice I find the interface as confusing / intimidating as After Effects. I couldn't work out how to import an.svg or.eps file. At least there seemed no apparent way to do it. I also have no luck with After Effects. Trying to import as a Composition with layers preserved, I still don't see any layers. Just one flat image.

Anime Studio Pro has options for importing vector files, but when I tried I couldn't find any layers to work with, and it added a heavy stroke to many of the elements in my.eps file. I set all of the above aside and did as ABC suggested and exported from AD as.psd and opened in Apple Motion. I see layers, but I cannot see how I can actually animate them. Watching a few YouTube tutorials, I started to question: am I supposed to now draw over elements in Motion (i.e., from within the app) and apply animation effects to these 'masks'?

I have around 400 small dots in this graphic, as well as other things. Some of the dots are very small. They're also geometrically aligned.

I'm hoping I don't have to redraw all of them. I'm probably as dumb as a brick, but I'm really surprised that it's proving as difficult to animate a layered vector file. As for Flash, there's no way I can see to import a.svg or.eps file either. Which is just weird given that.svg is a native output format of Flash. In short, I'm struggling.

P.s., I should add that in After Effects, it seems to convert the vector file you import to bit map. At least in the main viewer, if I scale up it's horribly pixelated. Well, it is a little difficult to give a more substantial hint or advice without actually knowing how your animation is supposed work. What kind of transformations are you interested in? What should happen with your dots?:) yeah, I can imagine. To be honest, I don't want to do anything too fancy. Simple (but elegant) fade in and fade out would be mostly enough.

Maybe with one final group transition. So imagine 20 vector dots. Each fading in in sequence. This is the main part. At present I have vector layers in Motion.

I'm just trying to figure out how to actually animate them. Any animation effect. When I get on top of that, I'll go from there. It's just a bit confusing because applying behaviours is not currently doing anything. I'll keep going. It's probably just because I don't know the app. I'm looking at YouTube tutorials, trying to find something useful and close to what I'm trying to do.

I'm Checking Out Principle And Also Flinto For Mac Os

Unfortunately, I have the German version of Motion, so the terminology might be different. It sounds as if you would like to work with keyframes and transitions between keyframes in the first place. In that case, you would need to have a look at the Keyframe Editor and the available animation parameters:) I would browse the help files for the different animation types that are available in Motion. And there is also a comprehensive manual for Motion 5.2 on the iBooks Store: Hope that gets you started:) Alex. Anime Studio Pro has options for importing vector files, but when I tried I couldn't find any layers to work with, and it added a heavy stroke to many of the elements in my.eps file. That sounds like the same behavior I get with the older 9.2 version - svg files are imported with all their layers collapsed into one complex vector object with no way to separate them into separate curves except by duplication & deletion of all but one curve in each duplicate. That's OK for files with just a few layers but obviously it isn't practical if there are lots of curves.

If you are familiar with Blender at all, then I that would be my recommendation, although the learning curve might be above the desired level. If all else fails, I would suggest consider just using Affinity to make a series of animated raster outputs, and then use any editing program to make the series into a movie or animated gif. You might group the project together, duplicate the group, adjust, and use the layered groups like an onion skin. Then export each group separately to a sequenced file name, import into GIMP for example and create an animated GIF. I like GIMP's method of making an animated GIF file, and there are some good tutorials on YouTube. If you are familiar with Blender at all, then I that would be my recommendation, although the learning curve might be above the desired level. If all else fails, I would suggest consider just using Affinity to make a series of animated raster outputs, and then use any editing program to make the series into a movie or animated gif.

You might group the project together, duplicate the group, adjust, and use the layered groups like an onion skin. Then export each group separately to a sequenced file name, import into GIMP for example and create an animated GIF. I like GIMP's method of making an animated GIF file, and there are some good tutorials on YouTube. Blender is high on my list of apps I'd love to vaguely become proficient in.

Your other suggestion is probably, in actual fact, the far quickest way. I'm persevering in the hope of picking up the beginning of a new skill. The easiest way for me would be using the Snap.svg javascript library.

But with so many layers I was hoping to take advantage of something with a GUI.